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Sunday, 05 September 2010

Howto use VI editor in Linux ?

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Howto use VI editor in Linux ?

Problem:

I am new to Linux and do not understand how to use VI editor in Linux. Is there any detailed documentation and explaination ?

ABOUT VI

Screen-oriented (visual) display editor based on ex.

SYNTAX

vi [ -| -s ] [-l] [-L] [-R] [ -r [ filename ] ] [-S] [-t tag] [-v] [-V] [-x] [-w] [-n ] [-C] [+command | -c command ] filename

- \| -s	Suppress all interactive user feedback. This is useful when processing editor scripts.
-l	Set up for editing LISP programs.
-L	List the name of all files saved as the result of an editor or system crash.
-R	Readonly mode; the readonly flag is set, preventing accidental overwriting of the file.
-r filename	Edit filename after an editor or system crash. (Recovers the version of filename that was in the buffer when the crash occurred.)
-S	This option is used in conjunction with the -t tag option to tell vi that the tags file may not be sorted and that, if the binary search (which relies on a sorted tags file) for tag fails to find it, the much slower linear search should also be done. Since the linear search is slow, users of large tags files should ensure that the tags files are sorted rather than use this flag. Creation of tags files normally produces sorted tags files. See ctags for more information on tags files.
-t tag	Edit the file containing the tag, tag, and position the editor at its definition.
-v	Start up in display editing state using vi . You can achieve the same effect by simply typing the vi command itself.
-V	Verbose. When ex commands are read by means of standard input, the input will be echoed to standard error. This may be useful when processing ex commands within shell scripts.
-x	Encryption option; when used, vi simulates the X command of ex and prompts the user for a key. This key is used to encrypt and decrypt text using the algorithm of the crypt command. The X command makes an educated guess to determine whether text read in is encrypted or not. The temporary buffer file is encrypted also, using a transformed version of the key typed in for the -x option. If an empty encryption key is entered (that is, if the return key is pressed right after the prompt), the file will not be encrypted. This is a good way to decrypt a file erroneously encrypted with a mistyped encryption key, such as a backspace or undo key.
-wn	Set the default window size to n. This is useful when using the editor over a slow speed line.
-C	Encryption option; same as the -x option, except that vi simulates the C command of ex . The C command is like the X command of ex , except that all text read in is assumed to have been encrypted.
+command \| -c command	Begin editing by executing the specified editor command (usually a search or positioning command).
filename	The file to be edited.

USER COMMANDS

Arrow keys	Move cursor
hjkl	Same as arrow keys
itextESC	Insert text
cwnewESC	Change word to new
easESC	pluralize word (end of word; append s; escape from input state)
x	delete a character
dw	delete a word
dd	delete a line
3dd	deletes 3 lines
u	undo previous change
ZZ	exit vi , saving changes
:q!CR	quit, discarding changes
/textCR	search for text
^U ^D	scroll up or down
:cmdCR	any ex or ed command
ESC	end insert or incomplete command
DEL	(delete or rubout) interrupts
:wCR	write back changes
:w!CR	forced write, if permission originally not valid
:qCR	quit
:q!CR	quit, discard changes
:e nameCR	edit file name
:e!CR	reedit, discard changes
:e + nameCR	edit, starting at end
:e +nCR	edit, starting at line n
:e #CR	edit alternate file
:e! #CR	edit alternate file, discard changes
:w nameCR	write file name
:w! nameCR	overwrite file name
:shCR	run shell, then return
:!cmdCR	run cmd, then return
:nCR	edit next file in arglist
:n argsCR	specify new arglist
^G	show current file and line
:ta tagCR	position cursor to tag
F	forward screen
^B	backward screen
^D	scroll down half screen
^U	scroll up half screen
nG	go to the beginning of the specified line (end default), where n is a line number
/pat	next line matching pat
?pat	previous line matching pat
n	repeat last / or ? command
N	reverse last / or ? command
/pat/+n	nth line after pat
?pat?-n	nth line before pat
]]	next section/function
[[	previous section/function
(	beginning of sentence
)	end of sentence
{	beginning of paragraph
}	end of paragraph
%	find matching ( ) or { }
^L	clear and redraw window
^R	clear and redraw window if ^L is -> key
zCR	redraw screen with current line at top of window
z-CR	redraw screen with current line at bottom of window
z.CR	redraw screen with current line at center of window
/pat/z-CR	move pat line to bottom of window
zn.CR	use n-line window
^E	scroll window down one line
^Y	scroll window up one line
``	move cursor to previous context
''	move cursor to first non-white space in line
mx	mark current position with the ASCII lower-case letter x
`x	move cursor to mark x
'x	move cursor to first non-white space in line marked by x
H	top line on screen
L	last line on screen
M	middle line on screen
+	next line, at first non-white space character
-	previous line, at first non-white space character
CR	return, same as +
down-arrow or j	next line, same column
up-arrow or k	previous line, same column
^	first non-white space character
0	beginning of line
$	end of line
l or ->	forward
h or <-	backward
^H	same as <- (backspace)
space	same as -> (space bar)
fx	find next x
Fx	find next x
tx	move to character following the next x
Tx	move to character following the previous x
;	repeat last f, F, t, or T
,	repeat inverse of last f, F, t, or T
n\|	move to column n
%	find matching ( ) or { }
w	forward a word
b	back a word
e	end of word
)	to next sentence
}	to next paragraph
(	back a sentence
{	back a paragraph
W	forward a blank-delimited word
B	back a blank-delimited word
E	end of a blank-delimited word
^H	erase last character (backspace)
^W	erase last word
erase	your erase character, same as ^H (backspace)
kill	your kill character, erase this line of input
\	quotes your erase and kill characters
ESC	ends insertion, back to command mode
CTRL-C	interrupt, suspends insert mode
^D	backtab one character; reset left margin of autoindent
^^D	caret (^) followed by control-d (^D); backtab to beginning of line; do not reset left margin of autoindent
0^D	backtab to beginning of line; reset left margin of autoindent
^V	quote non-printable character
a	append after cursor
A	append at end of line
i	insert before cursor
I	insert before first non-blank
o	open line below
O	open line above
rx	replace single character with x
RtextESC	replace characters
d	delete
c	change
y	yank lines to buffer
>	left shift
<	right shift
!	filter through command
C	change rest of line (c$)
D	delete rest of line (d$)
s	substitute characters (cl)
S	substitute lines (cc)
J	join lines
x	delete characters (dl)
X	delete characters before cursor dh)
Y	yank lines (yy)
3yy	yank 3 lines
3yl	yank 3 characters
p	put back text after cursor
P	put back text before cursor " .nr )I xp"n put from buffer x " .nr )I xy"n yank to buffer x " .nr )I xd"n delete into buffer x
u	undo last change
U	restore current line
.	repeat last change " .nr )I dp"n retrieve d'th last delete

EXAMPLES

vi myfile.txt
Edits the file myfile.txt.

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